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====== Sourdough Bread ======

===== Hydration =====
When baking sourdough bread, it's important to know the hydration (ratio of water to flour) of your final dough. It should be around 70 - 75%. That's a pretty wet dough, but this will guarantee a good rise and plenty of bubbles in the bread.

**Hydration = Water [volume in ml]/ Flour [weight in grams] * 100**

===== Starter =====
{{:recipes:other:img_20151121_101019.jpg?400 |bubbly sourdough starter }}Mix 75g wholemeal wheat flour with 90ml of water. Let sit for 24 hours, add another 50g of flour and 60ml of water. Do this for a week. If it gets too much, just remove the excess. You want to end up with 300g of starter or so. This starter will have a 120% hydration (60/50*100).

You can keep your starter in the fridge when you aren't using it.

12 hours prior to baking, feed your starter again, with lukewarm water + flour. Don't remove more than 3/4 of the starter for baking. When done, put back into the fridge, or feed again straight away if you want to bake the next day. 

=====  The Dough =====
{{ :recipes:other:img_20151121_101028.jpg?400|dough after 2 hours initial rise}}
^Loaf weight^Starter^white flour^water^salt^
|750g|150ml|365g|235ml|7g|
|1kg|200ml|500g|300ml|10g|

Using your 120% hydration starter, the above quantities give you a 71% hydration dough.

Mix your starter with the strong white flour and the salt and knead for 5 minutes until you have a stretchy, fairly wet dough. You can do that on a low setting in a mixer.

{{:recipes:other:img_20151121_111637.jpg?400 |in the proving basket}}Let prove for 1 hour - I just leave it in the mixing bowl and cover it in cling film.

Pat down the dough, fold over, shape and put into your proving basket. Make sure that your proving basket is well floured, and that you also flour the outside of your loaf. Otherwise, it will stick to the proving basket and you won't be able to get it out without making a dog's breakfast out of it.

Let prove for another 3 to 12 hours in the proving basket. Proving time depends on the temperature, so this can vary wildly. As long as you don't overprove, you're fine. You want to see a volume increase of at least 100% before baking.

After the second proving, you should have a dough which is quite springy, e.g. when you slightly press it with a finger, the dough springs back almost all the distance it was pressed down. If the dough collapses where you press it down, you have over-proved it. You can still bake it, but it will be slightly gummy and sticky.

===== Baking =====
{{:recipes:other:img_20151121_130600.jpg?450 |Ready to go into the oven}}
{{ :recipes:other:img_20151121_091820.jpg?450|nice texture with lots of bubbles }}
Preheat your oven to 230 degrees, and put a baking tray at the bottom of the oven. Best use a baking stone that you preheat with the oven. When the oven is hot, take out the baking stone, and turn out the dough from the proving basket onto the baking stone. Make some deep cuts with a very sharp knife into the top of the bread (lateral, longitudinal, at an angle, however you like it...) so that it can rise easily, pour 150ml of water into your hot baking tray, and put the baking stone with the dough on it back into the oven.

If you don't have a baking stone, no problem, just use a normal baking tray and a bit of baking paper on top of it to keep the bread from sticking.

Bake for 30 minutes (don't take it out too early - sourdough bread has a fairly dark colour when baked), and let it sit for at least 20 minutes to cool down on a rack before cutting into it. You might want to turn it 180 degrees half way through if your oven doesn't heat evenly, and also re-fill some water into the baking tray at the bottom if that's evaporated.

{{:recipes:other:img_20151121_133610.jpg?800|A 750g loaf}}

===== 3 stage sourdough =====
For better results, try making your sourdough in three stages. The starter is the same as described above, so there is no change there. But instead of making the final dough directly with the starter, we will have an intermediate starter (poolish).

Start off with 50ml of sourdough starter, 200g of wholegrain rye or spelt flour, and 220ml of water. Mix, and let sit for 8 to 12 hours, depending on room temperature. This first dough, the poolish, will ferment thoroughly, and taste fairly sour when that's done.

Now mix in 215g of strong white flour, 7 grams of salt, and 65ml of water. Knead, form, and let prove for 90 minutes. Then bake at 230 degrees for 30 minutes.

===== Variations =====

==== Spelt, Rye and Wheat Bread ====
A healthier, very tasty alternative... use wholegrain spelt and rye flour, and a strong white wheat flour.
  - 165g strong white flour
  - 100g wholegrain spelt (Vollkorndinkelmehl) 
  - 100g wholegrain rye flour
  - 150ml wholegrain wheat starter
  - 235ml water
  - 7g salt
==== Recycling your old stale bread ====
You can recycle your old stale bread! Dry it out completely (best cut it into little cubes for that), and then mix 1:3 with boiling water. Then add all the salt you would otherwise add to your dough. This mixture is called the "Brühstück". Mix thoroughly, and let sit for 2 - 10 hours (if longer, put it into the fridge), and add to your dough. Don't forget not to put the salt into the dough, as it's already in your "Brühstück".

===== Rye Sourdough =====
Rye flour is notoriously hard to raise, so we will give that a bit more time.
==== First Starter====
  - 200g wholemeal rye flour
  - 220 ml water
  - 1 tbsp starter

Mix together, and let rise for 24 hours.

Then add
  - 100g wholemeal rye flour
  - 100ml water

Make a "Brühstück" from 40g old stale bread, which you boil up with 120ml of water. Add to the starter.

Let rise for 9 hours.

Then add
  - 80g wholemeal rye flour
  - 70g white strong wheat flour
  - 7g salt
  - 7g dry yeast

Pour mixture into your backing form, let rise for 1.5 hours, and bake for 45 minutes at 200 degrees. 
{{:recipes:other:img_20170122_094529348.jpg?600|}}

===== 100% wholegrain rye sourdough without added yeast =====
This is a bit hard-core, but nevertheless very nice. No added yeast, no other flour than wholegrain rye.

==== First Starter ====
Make a "Brühstück" from 40g old stale bread, which you boil up with 120ml of water. Add 200g wholegrain rye, 240ml of water, and 1 tablespoon of rye sourdough starter. 

Let this ferment for 24 hours, until you have a bubbly, starter-like consistency.

==== Final Step ====
Add 250g wholegrain rye flour, 60ml of water, and 10g of salt. Mix well, but kneading or stretching isn't needed - this is rye flour with next to no gluten content, so there is nothing to be stretched.

Put the mixture in your baking tin, and let prove for 8 to 12 hours, depending on ambient temperature. Bake at 230 degrees for 35 to 40 minutes. Turn temperature down to 200 degrees after the first 15 minutes. Use steam.